Organic electrochromic polymers hold great potential for integration into low-power flexible electrochromic displays (F-ECDs) due to their wide range of colors and simple processing. However, challenges such as inefficient charge transfer and degradation upon device integration hinder their practical applications. Herein, we report an innovative, general approach that utilizes template-induced supramolecular nanostructuring to engineer established electrochromic polymers, enhancing their performance and durability. We modified a well-known, albeit underperforming in F-ECDs, poly-thiophene polymer (ECP Orange; PT) by incorporating a pyrene appendage, resulting in a copolymer (PTPy) capable of undergoing large-scale assembly in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), driven by the establishment of π–π interactions between the pyrene and the MWCNTs (PTPy/MWCNTs). F-ECDs based on these hybrids, produced by spray coating, exhibit improved color switching speeds (t₉₀^OX = 3.6 s, t₉₀^RED = 0.3 s) compared to those of the PT polymer (t₉₀^OX = 53.2 s, t₉₀^RED = 2.5 s). Additionally, PTPy/MWCNTs F-ECDs demonstrate longer cyclability (half-life based on ΔE, ΔE_50% = 17.6k cycles) compared to PT (ΔE_50% = 278 cycles), also when blended with MWCNTs (ΔE_50% = 282 cycles). This work highlights the pivotal role of engineered supramolecular nanostructuring in boosting the performance of organic electrochromic materials, making them suitable for F-ECD scalable commercial applications.

This study presents the development of a novel screen printable quasi-solid polymer electrolyte (p-QSPE) for Electrochromic Displays (ECDs) applications. p-QSPE is composed of three key components: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a high-dielectric constant polymer that ensures high ionic conductivity in solid-state; glyceril propoxy triacrylate (GPTA), a UV-cross-linkable monomer that provides structure and durability for overprinting; titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles, which modulate the electrolyte’s rheological properties for screen printing; reducing the solvent (PC:EC) content to only 35.90 wt.%. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that this well-designed formulation achieved an ionic conductivity of 1.17 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at room temperature, surpassing the threshold required for commercial applications. Moreover, p-QSPE facilitated the production of fully screen printed ECDs in an industrial printing line, streamlining their production process and achieving an optimal balance between printability, overprint resilience, and device performance. Operational tests for the ECDs showed fast switching times (<6 s for t₉₀ and <2 s for t₇₅) across a wide temperature range (−20 °C to 80 °C). Additionally, the electrolyte demonstrated low charge consumption (2.10 ± 0.11 mC cm⁻²) and a lifespan exceeding 10 000 cycles. These results highlight the potential of p-QSPE as a screen printable, high-performance electrolyte, capable of advancing ECD manufacturing by enabling the production of fully screen-printed, performing ECDs.

The on‐surface synthesis strategy has emerged as a promising route for fabricating well‐defined two‐dimensional (2D) BN‐substituted carbon nanomaterials with tunable electronic properties. This approach relies on specially designed precursors and requires a thorough understanding of the on‐surface reaction pathways. It promises precise structural control at the atomic scale, thus complementing chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In this study, we investigated a novel heteroatomic precursor, tetrabromoborazine, which incorporates a BN core and an OH group, on Ag(111) using low temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy (LT‐STM/STS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Through sequential temperature‐induced reactions involving dehalogenation and dehydrogenation, distinct tetrabromoborazine derivatives were produced as reaction intermediates, leading to the formation of specific self-assemblies. Notably, the resulting intricate supramolecular structures include a chiral kagomé lattice composed of molecular dimers exhibiting a unique electronic signature. The final product obtained was a random covalent carbon network with BN-substitution and embedded oxygen heteroatoms. Our study offers valuable insights into the significance of the structure and functionalization of BN precursors in temperature-induced on-surface reactions, which can help future rational precursor design. Additionally, it introduces complex surface architectures that offer a high areal density of borazine cores.

This study investigates the synthesis of tetra- and octa-O-fused porphyrinoids employing an oxidative O-annulation approach through C−H activation. Despite encountering challenges such as overoxidation and instability in conventional solution protocols, successful synthesis was achieved on Au(111) surfaces under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and non-contact atomic force microscopy elucidated the preferential formation of pyran moieties via C−O bond formation and subsequent self-assembly driven by C−H⋅⋅⋅O interactions. Furthermore, the O-annulation process was found to reduce the HOMO–LUMO gap by lifting the HOMO energy level, with the effect rising upon increasing the number of embedded O-atoms.